If this is what I think it is, You are talking about a dtmf modulator.
I dont know the exact model you are talking about. But I do know that years ago, when I was building box for friends that would send tone on a line with out have a load on it… ( dont ask why please) I was building them with a 9volt battry with a resistor in serie then I was coupling the cable to use to the “line” with capacitors.
The resistor was just high enough in resistance for the circuit to work. it took me some time to figure it out. As I was doing like you, putting the circuit on a tel. line and it would work perfectly. But directly withe tha battery it would do nothing. The trick is that the resistor limit the amount of currant and that is how it creat the signal as it saturate then unsaturate the current coming from the resistor making the voltage vary in turn and that is where the sound come from
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